Epistemology †cognition Essay

â€Å"I have found that such an object has always been attended with such an effect, and I foresee, that other objects, which are, in appearance, similar, will be attended with similar effects†. This foretells that with knowledge, our society may be able to associate a certain aspect/detail with an object, but that does not necessarily mean it will always happen. Therefore, Hume, who starts out as an empiricist, has arrived at the conclusion where an individual may not have knowledge at all, of skeptic doubt. This is explored through the three epistemology questions, the process he did take, and what the reader thinks on the matter. According to Hume, with his process of thought with empiricism, thinks knowledge is possible. He believed that all information about the world comes through experience. The contents of consciousness are what he calls perceptions. [†¦] include our original experiences [impressions] [†¦] sense data [†¦] â€Å"internal† world composed of the contents of our psychological experiences [†¦] also include what he calls ideas, or the contents of our memories and imagination. With this approach to whether knowledge is possible, it is clear that he thinks knowledge is possible through experience; through real experiences, sense data, psychological experiences and ideas. It states that one does not have innate ideas with us such as our senses or emotions, that an individual must experience these actions first in order to recognize what they must be. If one does not experience such actions, they are what he calls ideas, â€Å"the copies of them [impressions]† (The Search for Knowledge 69). He also states that, â€Å"We can deny any matter of fact without falling into a logical contradiction. The fact that we feel confident about certain facts of the world is merely the result of our expectations, which are based on past experience† (The Search for Knowledge 70). This theory is called Hume’s Fork, where it is between the relation of an idea and a matter of a fact. This says that society may be sure about our surroundings, but they are not certain. Ideas do not tell us anything about the world, but only our thoughts of what they may be, and matters of facts are knowledge per say, but are not always certain as well. Basically, it shows that one cannot be certain of the world around us, as it may change. With the question of the role of reason within the possibility of knowledge, he believes that, â€Å"We can learn nothing about what lies outside the subjective contents found within our experiences. † (The Search for Knowledge 71), therefore reason cannot be established as the primary source of knowledge. He clarifies his reasoning with the principle of induction and the uniformity of nature. The principle of induction is basically assuming that, for example, since the sun has risen yesterday, it shall rise today and rise tomorrow. Society makes the connection that when an event occurs more than once; one will believe that it shall again happen. The uniformity of nature is where the belief of the laws of nature will continue to commence, therefore it should be still commencing in days to come. Another way he delivers this statement is through the theory of being constantly conjoined. He states that, â€Å"Causes and effects are distinct events† (The Search for Knowledge 73). It can be said that when do an action, there is an equal consequence that follows. If you take the example of where you light up a candle with a match, and then touch the flame, you experience a burning sensation where you have touched said flame. If one repeats this process, one comes to the conclusion that since this has happened in the past, it will most likely be the same or similar in the future. With the third epistemology question of whether reality is represented as it really is, he declares that, â€Å"The only certainty we can have concerns the relationships of our ideas. But since these judgments concern only the realm of ideas, they do not tell us about the external world† (The Search for Knowledge 78). As a result, one can determine that reality cannot be represented as it really is due to the fact that one cannot gain any knowledge from the outside world from our ideas. Ergo, in the world, a person may experience objects such as desks, but this person is uncertain if they are connected to an external world. Hume raises that, â€Å"Impressions are always data that are internal [†¦] hence; we have no data about what is external† (The Search for Knowledge 75). It clarifies his reasoning that society believes that they live in an external world, or that there may be one, but one does not have sufficient explanation as to why this is true. As well, an individual must also question the fact of the self. Hume affirms that, â€Å"If all we can know are sensory impressions or our internal psychological states, then we can never experience the self† (The Search for Knowledge 76). With this in mind, people are certain that they cannot experience a self because it is not a true experience such as a color, which can be experienced. There is no foundation for experiencing the self, as all one has are beliefs, assumptions and ideas, which are never certain. In a few words, Hume is specifying that as a person, one cannot step outside our bodies to see ourselves; that a person can only believe that there is a self. Going back to where knowledge is possible, in the beginning, Hume does believe knowledge is possible with perceptions and impressions. With his thought process, the reader can determine that he has progressed from the thought process of empiricism to skeptic doubt and skepticism, questioning if society has knowledge at all. He believes that in the start, society has knowledge through what he calls perceptions; which consists of the senses, the memory and the psychological states. Overall, society must have experiences if it has developed these sources of knowledge. This in turn concludes that an individual can have knowledge through experience. Since Hume believes that this is the only knowledge an individual can have, he comes to the realization where, â€Å"If all we know are the contents of experience, how can we know anything about what lies outside our experience? † (The Search for Knowledge 70-71). This expresses that one cannot have knowledge, since the foundation he has set is only for our internal thoughts. From this, he describes his thought process of skeptic doubt through causal relations and knowledge of the outside world and self. This clarifies that a person can believe something will always happen but is never certain (causal), and stating that they cannot step outside the world they have created to see what will happen outside of such (external world and self). The reader must have an assessment on the matter of Hume’s empiricism and his process towards skeptic doubt. Dealing with Hume’s empiricism, I believe that his thought process is very vague and has various doubts of its own. The idea of perceptions cannot be knowledge to begin with, because it is what we have and think, but does not necessarily mean other people in society think this same way as well. Therefore, he has already led himself into skepticism, because he cannot explain thoroughly why this is knowledge. What he explains as experience, which is where we obtain this knowledge, is unsatisfactory because the experience he says is mostly reasoning such as sense data and psychological states. For that reason, his thought process in the beginning can also be confused with rationalism, since most of what he verbalizes is knowledge that can only be discovered through reasoning and not experience. Looking at his progression towards skepticism, he believes that we cannot have knowledge because all that we have is our internal world to base our beliefs on. It is shown that through the principle of induction and the uniformity of nature, we will have the reoccurring thought that, â€Å"The future will be like the past† (The Search for Knowledge 71). With this basic in mind, we are automatically assuming every event that happens in our lives will happen or not happen again, because of past experiences. With this amount of information, it is not sufficient enough to say that we always be certain it will again happen. It all comes back to the fact that since we only have our world to experience, and since there is no way to step outside and look at the external world or the self, we are never certain of anything. Hence, we have no knowledge at all because knowledge is classified as true, justified belief and our ideas and thoughts are not. This is a strong case, and therefore, I believe with his knowledge towards skepticism, but I do not necessarily believe in skepticism. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, Hume has answered the three epistemological questions with very strong points; first as an empiricist, who then leads to a skeptic. Overall, the opinion of the reader is satisfied, because even though Hume has a very doubtful thought process of empiricism with the idea of perceptions and ideas, he then breaks down his theory with the fact that this so-called knowledge is the only source of knowledge an individual can possibly have, therefore it is not knowledge. Knowledge is worth nothing unless you can practice it.

Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch

Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch Matthew Murphy Abstract Today’s society has been faced with the never ending problem of obesity. Many would blame this problem of obesity in America to poor genetics, unhealthy eating habits, and even lack of physical fitness. After viewing this paper and reviewing these credible sources the reader will have a better understanding as to why individuals become obese. All sources in this paper have been written, reviewed, and critiqued by credible individuals.Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch In today’s America we as citizens are faced with the ongoing crutch known as obesity. Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent of major health issues. I view obesity as a â€Å"crutch† because it is disease that will slow the American populous down. The topic on obesity has been debated over many years as to who would take the blame of America’ s overweight problem and what that individual or group would do to prevent it.Many different state legislatures and school board committees have started to ban vending machines in school grounds. â€Å"Congress has considered a menu-labeling legislation that would force chain restaurants to list fat, sodium, and calories for each item† (Balko, 2004, p. 522). Many individuals like me believe that this is definitely the most improper approach to preventing the obesity epidemic that has plagued the United States over the last twenty years. It is not the United State government’s place to tell American citizens what they can or cannot consume.Obesity has become more and more of a problem because American citizens are executing poor dietary techniques. The next influential factor to obesity is the influence of our biological need and genetics. These factors play a large part in the obesity epidemic but the key factor to obesity is the fact that Americans are drastically dec reasing their urges for physical fitness and health. Data has been collected from many different institutions and still the debate is on to see which group will inherit the blame of our nation’s obesity problems.Although many argue who is to blame for obesity, I believe that is in the hands of the individual and their poor diet techniques, biological factors, and their willingness to perform physical fitness. Dietary Techniques Obesity has become a crutch to the American way of life in the idea that we as individuals are not executing proper dietary techniques. The groups that are mainly targeted for obesity because of poor dieting techniques are low-income families throughout the United States. Obesity is on the rise in these families because more Americans are eating outside their homes at higher rates† (Bryan, 2006 p. 98). With the families going out to eat instead of staying home they are subject to a higher calorie intake than if they were to eat at home. The nutri tional nature of fast food is unknown to many Americans because they have forfeited the need for knowledge on the matter. â€Å"Fast food restaurants and other fast food outlets are serving larger portions to consumers† (Bryan, 2006, p. 98).This creates a dilemma for a person trying to stay within his/her healthy eating when a fast food business offers more food for cheaper than healthy food. In today’s society Americans are looking at the almighty dollar instead of their dietary needs. If it cost fifteen dollars to eat healthy food and it only cost six dollars for a value meal then 9 times out of 10 the consumer is going to choose the value meal over healthy food. I also believe that high advertisement of fast food and snack foods by large businesses influence the consumer to stray from their healthy diet.Many business have began to realize that American’s are becoming more and more aware of their dietary needs and are working to provide healthy foods at their restaurant chains. Biological Needs and Genetics The next factor we need to include in the reason of individuals ourselves being responsible for our obesity is biological needs and even our genetics. â€Å"Humans are hardwired, as a survival strategy, to like foods high in sugar, fat, and calories† (Brownell & Nestle, 2006, p. 525). This may seem like it in not the individual’s problem and could be blamed on biology.This is an individual responsibility due to the fact that the human body can be controlled in a matter of survival. If one is desperate to survive and realizes that they are overweight they will cut back on excess calories. The closest example I have of survival is the urge to quit smoking because of all the scientific backing that states it can end your life. A responsible individual would quit smoking when he/she realizes they may die from the hazards. This survival response is the same with the obesity epidemic.Individuals are placed into danger when the y become obese and face many different side effects. Some of these health hazards include an array of thirty different diseases. Although there are many individuals out there that are willing to help themselves get over this epidemic, many individuals are unable to overcome obesity due to their genetic make-up. Physical Fitness and Health There are many different contributing issues that play into the obesity epidemic but the key factor is the decline of physical fitness and overall health.Physical fitness has come to an all time low since the 1960’s and the evolution of the industrial age. Research data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed that over the past 50 years the relationship between activity at work and obesity has grown closer together. â€Å"In 1960, nearly half the jobs in the private sector required at least moderate physical activity, but in 2010, less than 20% demanded this much physical work† (Harvard, 2012). With industrializatio n and technology on the rise many Americans are relying on technology to get them through their lives.Do not get me wrong, I believe that the use of technology makes this country an effective machine. The advances in technology has relieved stress off a man’s back and applied it to his stomach. The health hazards that follow obesity are not just a big belly but also high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, gallstones, gout, some cancers, bladder control issues, and psychological disorders (Bryan, 2006, p. 97). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reported an increase in the prevalence of obesity from 11. 1% in the 1970’s to 19. 3% in the early 2000’s† (Samper-Ternent & Al Snih, 2011, p. 10-19). With the concern of citizens and their health on the rise I believe that the more information we get out to the people it will be beneficial to their survival. Discussion The epidemic th at is obesity has become a modern day problem for America’s society. Some would even go as far to say that it could even be a crutch for he United States. â€Å"Increases in the prevalence of obesity have been observed in men and women, in all age groups, in all major ethnic groups, and at all educational levels† (Samper-Ternent & Al Snih, 2011, p. 10). Individuals themselves could control and take responsibility for their overweight situation which would allow them to become more active and healthy. If obesity is caught early on the individual will be more likely to overcome this hardship they have entered. We as individuals need to maintain our body and live a long, healthy life.Just like Sir Isaac Newton stated, â€Å"A body in motion stays in motion†¦ and a body at rest tend to remain at rest. † References Balko, R. (2011). Obesity: Who Is Responsible for Our Weight. In S. Barnet & H. Bedau (Authors), Current Issues and Enduring Questions (9th ed. , pp. 522-523). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Brownell, K. , ; Nestle, M. (2011). Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight? Con. In S. Barnet ; H. Bedau (Authors), Current Issues and Enduring Questions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (9th ed. , pp. 524-525).Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Bryan, M. (2006). Obesity in America & its Impact on Minorities, Women and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low-Income Groups. International Journal Of The Diversity, 6(3), 97-101. Harvard University. (2012). Obesity in America: What's Driving the Epidemic? Harvard Men's Health Watch, 5-7. Samper-Ternent, R. , & Al Snih, S. (2012). Obesity in older adults: Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and omplications for disability and disease. Reviews in Clinical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerontology, 22, 10-34. doi:10. 1017/S0959259811000190

19th Century Welfare Provision History Essay

19th Century Welfare Provision History Essay In what ways was 19th century welfare provision shaped by the socially constructed distinction between the deserving and undeserving poor and with what consequences for these different groups in terms of the type of welfare assistance available to them?. The origins of the Welfare State in the United Kingdom go back to Elizabethan times. The introduction of the Poor Laws was the first legislative attempt to ensure that the poor had the means to live. This method continued until the Industrial Revolution, when provision for the poor changed. The Welfare State in its modern form began with the introduction of reforms between 1906 and 1914 by the Liberal Government. These reforms included the introduction of National Insurance, Old Age Pensions and Free School Meals. In the increasingly complex society that emerged in the 19th century industrialised Britain, there was , and has continued t be, a need to support people who are unable to cope without state social welfare provision and br ing order to social life. The Second World War then led to the development of welfare legislation designed to ensure that everybody in the United Kingdom had access to quality healthcare. This resulted in the introduction of the National Health Service and a range of health education and disease prevention measures being introduced in post war Britain. In the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the enactment of the first Elizabethan Poor Law in 1601 philanthropy was characterized by various hierarchical relationships within the feudal structure.   Help for others was pre-eminently a matter of royal contributions, but was also greatly supplemented by personal charity on the part of the wealthy.   Religion and concerns about life after death drove many to charitable works.   Churches continually increased their position in society and began to take a prominent role in philanthropic endeavours. Over time the church’s role evolved, becoming one of the main instr uments of charitable actions.   A historical perspective is important in understanding british social policy development. Loking at the influence of 19th century social, economic and political change, particularly the A wide range of personal motivations contributed to philanthropic participation, as helping others was seen as emotionally and socially stimulating. While much was accomplished in this period, charity was often erratic and did not always fully meet the needs of the recipients. Robert Morris (1986) Philanthropy can be defined as the provision of financial, material, and ideal resources for cultural, social, and educational institutions.   During the course the 19th century these aims increasingly came to fruition through foundations, limited dividend companies, membership organizations, or by bequests and donations, and were generally facilitated by middle to upper class people. Thomas Adam (2001) Charity organization movements were one of the key characteristics of Victorian era philanthropists. With the emergence of nation states prior to and during this period, poverty and social welfare gradually became embodied in law. State advocated reform was often frenzied, highly bureaucratic, and humiliating to the poor who received aid.   However, as the duties of governments increased, aid societies and philanthropists also expanded their organizational efforts.

Fordism and Post-Fordism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fordism and Post-Fordism - Research Paper Example This paper represents a historical shift from the Fordist methods in business to the post-Fordist methods and beyond. This paper will attempt to analyze the role played by management accounting in this historical shift by looking into both Fordism and post-Fordism while trying to realize how changing business requirements have been addressed by management accounting over time. 2. Fordism refers to an economic and social system that bases itself exclusively on the ideas of Henry Ford’s model of mass production. The use of Fordism is not restricted to the economic domain alone but instead, it has been applied to social as well as socio-economic systems too (Thompson, 2005). The essential side of Fordism relies on the fact that goods are produced cheaply in such a fashion that the people producing those goods are able to consume them. This facet of Fordism has made it popular in some Marxist circles as well. However, it has to be realized that the economic and social circumstance s that favored Fordism are now effectively over leading to a shift in Fordism. Some commentators call this shift post-Fordism though others disagree and contend that Fordism has been under constant evolution instead. De Grazia (2005) has defined Fordism as "the eponymous manufacturing system designed to spew out standardized, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them". In contrast to Grazia’s view, other commentators have described Fordism as an economic model for economic expansion that relies on mass production in order to create large volumes of standardized products using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987). When these views are put in perspective of the manufacturing carried out by Henry Ford’s automobile plant at the turn of the twentieth century it becomes clear that both definitions are incomplete and tend to complement each other to produce a working definition. Hence, Fordism (for the purpose of this paper) is an economic process that allows the creation of standardized goods using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment such that the workers themselves are able to afford these goods. It must be realized at this point that Marxism, socialism and allied ideologies are distinct to Fordism in that Fordism still relies on a free market economy in order to thrive. The Marxist and socialist doctrines require that the control of businesses be relinquished to the government while there are no such stipulations in Fordism. Fordism has tended to rely on three major operating principles through its initial use at Henry Ford’s automobile manufacturing plant and then for its use in social and economic pathways. The fundamental operating principles are (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987): all products are standardized so that handmade craftsmanship is not required and is instead production is dealt with by machines; manufacturing relies on the utilization of spec ialized tools and equipment to make assembly lines a reality. This indicates that low level and unskilled workers are able to operate sophisticated manufacturing equipment in order to man assembly lines. Moreover, the nature of tasks performed on the assembly lines are monotonous and require little creative thinking; the workers working on these assembly lines are paid wages that are sufficient for them to purchase the things they produce.  

Situation analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Situation analysis - Essay Example Direct competitors include Seattle’s Best, Figaro and others while other fast food chains also poses as indirect competitors such as Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds and other fast food chains offering coffee as part of their menu. Competitors can either be direct or indirect competitors. Direct competitors are those companies who could offer the same product and services while indirect competitors are companies who could offer an alternative product or services (Mà ¶ller, 2006). Needless to say, Starbucks operate in a very highly competitive environment. Competition in the industry was aggravated by the recent financial crisis which changed the buying behaviour of Starbucks customers whose purchasing habits changed dramatically along with their choices of coffee products. Starbucks used to market its product as premium coffee commanding premium prices in the market. This strategy however changed with the changing behaviour of consumers in the aftermath of recent financial crisis. The â€Å"premium coffee† preference suddenly became less a priority and convenience and affordability moved to the forefront. The â€Å"prestige orientation† of Starbucks is no longer applicable in the changing behaviour of its customers. This trend continues and is now the reality of the market. Demand however is not seen to diminish. Customers however are now price sensitive to the coffees they purchase. Economic environment determines the financial capacity of its market and business has to adjust correspondingly for it to survive. In the case of Starbucks, economic environment made Starbucks reconsider its position in the market when the financial crisis hit in 2008-2010 that companies were compelled to adapt to the new market realities to stay afloat as a business (Miron, 2013). The main strength of Starbucks is its brand that commands confidence in

Opportunity for Expansion - the Case of Wal-Mart Essay

Opportunity for Expansion - the Case of Wal-Mart - Essay Example The expansion of a firm in the international market is often considered as the most effective method for increasing organizational competitiveness and ensuring a long – term growth. In practice, this strategy can be risky, especially if it is not carefully planned. The level at which opportunities for expansion need to be used by organizations for improving their market position is reviewed in this paper. Reference is made to a specific organization, Wal-Mart, a major competitor in the global retail industry. Currently the firm operates in about 27 countries (Wal-Mart 2012, corporate website). Despite its success, the firm tries to secure its market position through continuous expansion; in US market, where the firm is based, the chances for further growth seems to be limited. The expansion in the international market seems to be the firm’s only chance for achieving a long – term growth. 2. Expansion in new markets – Wal-Mart 2.1 Background Wal-Mart is a l eading firm in the international retail market. The firm’s stores are dispersed globally, making Wal-Mart one of the most powerful competitors in its industry. The firm was first established in 1962, in USA (Wal-Mart 2012, corporate website). ... In 2010, the firm planned to increase their international stores, approximately by ‘600 stores worldwide’ (Tice 2010). For the US market, the establishment of just 160 new stores was considered as sufficient for responding to customers’ needs (Tice 2010). In 2012, the firm plans to invest a high amount of money, about $750 million (CBC News 2012), for expanding its operations in Canada. The above investment involves in the ‘renovation and expansion of the firm’s existing stores creating 14,000 new jobs across Canada’ (CBC News 2012). It should be noted that in 2011, the firm had developed a major plan of expansion in the US market, adding ‘hundreds of small stores across US under the name Wal-Mart Express’ (Bustillo 2011). This is an effort for expansion in the internal market, as combined with the expansion internationally, which is considered as quite important for standardizing the firm’s performance in USA. The opportuni ties of expansion given to Wal-Mart, as described above, are analyzed below; reference is made to appropriate theory but also to the practical implications of the particular initiatives. Also, the potential effects of these strategies on the organization’s performance are discussed, as they can be estimated by using the figures presented in the firm’s financial reports for the last 5 years, a period during which the firm’s efforts for expanding internationally have become intensive. 2.2 Evaluation of the firm’s current expansion strategies 2.2.1 Organizational expansion in theory The decision of organizations to expand their activities internationally can be based on different criteria. According to the ‘monopolistic advantage theory’ (Luo 1999, p.27), organizations may decide to expand in the global

Limitations in Reliability of Interest Rate Sensitivity Gap Case Study - 1

Limitations in Reliability of Interest Rate Sensitivity Gap - Case Study Example The researcher states that the use of the interest rate gap in measuring the interest rate risk has various limitations. When there is high volatility in the interest rate in the market the use of gap method does not yield desired results. In the duration gap approach, it is difficult to match the duration of assets with the liabilities. Besides, this analysis is useful only when there are small and identical changes in the short term and long term rates of interest. The grouping of assets and liabilities based on duration is difficult in the case of prepayments by the clients or default. When there is a fall in the interest rates the prepayment increases that make the bank â€Å"asset sensitive†. If the interest rates are anticipated to increase by 1 percent then to reduce the impact on earnings the corporation must keep a Positive Gap. This means that the rate sensitive assets should be more than the rate sensitive liabilities. If this is positive then the increase in intere st rates increases the net interest income. The Gap of the corporation is mostly positive for all the time periods except for the investments that are of less than six-month maturity. In all the classes with a positive gap, the corporation will benefit due to the anticipated increase of 1%. It will only lose on the negative gap because the net interest income will reduce for the assets and liabilities of six months maturity. The interest expense will be more on account of increase in the rate and the gap being negative i.e. the number of liabilities exceeding the number of assets, there will be a fall in the net income. The cumulative gap of the corporation is positive at $1194 million.

First amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

First amendment - Essay Example There have been a number of issues posing questions as to the effectiveness and extent of the provisions in the First Amendment. One of such is the Citizens United case popularly referred to as the ‘Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission’, in which the US Supreme Court, following a 5-4 decision, ruled that corporations and unions have similar political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment. Being a conservative non-profit organization, Citizens United claims its commitment to restoring the control of the United States government to the citizens, as well as to emphasize American principles of limited government, autonomy of enterprise, strong families, and state sovereignty and security. Citizens United produced a documentary named Hillary-with respect to the then Senator Hillary Clinton, which was the main issue of the court case. The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, which controls the financing of political campaigns, was amended by the Bi partisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA). Following the amendment, this federal law prevents corporations and unions from spending their general treasury funds towards independent expenditures for a speech referred to as an ‘electioneering communication’, in other words a speech that concerns elections or one that portrays endorsement or disapproval of a candidate in the elections. As defined in the constitution, an electioneering communication ideally refers to any broadcast, cable, or satellite communication that refers to an openly identified candidate for Federal office and is created in 30 days of a major election or 60 days of a common election, (2 U.S.C.  § 441b), and that is publicly distributed (11 CFR  § 100.29(a)(2)). The documentary-Hillary was released at a time when Hillary Clinton was running for the Democratic presidential nomination, and as such, it conveyed opinions on Hillary’s suitability for the presidency. Not only did Citizens United avail the documentary in theatres and on DVDs, but also planned to make it accessible through video-on-demand. Further, Citizens United went ahead to produce television advertisements to endorse the movie and planned to run them on broadcast and cable television. However, the advertisements and the video-on-demand distribution had to be paid for, and as such, Citizens United opted to spend its general treasury funds. Consequently, Citizens United’s production and initiative was reflective of a violation of  § 441b of the constitution. Realizing the looming threat of facing possible civil and criminal charges, Citizens United rushed in to seek an injunction in federal district court, against the Federal Elections Commission (FEC), posing various arguments. First, Citizens United presented an argument claiming that  § 441b is unconstitutional with regard to the movie Hillary; a motion that the District Court denied and instead granted summary judgment to the FEC. In additi on, it argued that, as applied to the movie Hillary and the ads endorsing it, BCRA's disclaimer and disclosure requirements (BCRA  §Ã‚ §201 and 311) are also unconstitutional. According to BCRA

IT Commentary Presentation PowerPoint Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT Commentary - PowerPoint Presentation Example American Express Service, the Verizon Wireless IOS Smartphone, the near field communications technologies and the USA technologies- The company has designed a cashless payment, a wireless payment and M2M telemetry technology for use in the vending machines. Over 62,000 vending machines using eport connect cashless payment and USAT’S eport point- of-sale devices have got the ISIS smart tap technology enabled. The technology is meant for rewards access, loyalty programs and contactless payments (Mobile Payments Today, 2013) The NFC technology uses wireless means to exchange data between an NFC -enabled device and other devices. Verizon customer can use the Android Smartphone as their wallet that safely stores the virtual versions of their debit cards and credit cards. It also serves as a home to coupons, loyalty cards and some other special offers (Mobile Payments Today, 2013). For one to use the ISIS mobile wallet he/she require the following materials; A T-Mobile Advanced SIM Card which is capable of information storage and protection, regarding payments and any other sensitive wallet details. There is also need for An ISIS enabled Smartphone that has support the NFC technology in the transfer of payment details at a check point. A major setback for the new subscribers is that you will have or need to purchase a new Advanced SIM, which could be costly (Bunton, 2013). Some of the locations where this ISIS Mobile Wallet can be used include; Office Deport, Coca-Cola vending machines, American Apparel, T-Mobile and many others. This mobile app enables the users to store the virtual versions of their staff in there wallets, in the Smartphone. The app enables the customers to maintain their loyalty information, payment information, money saving offers and discount information in one place that is convenient. For example; New American Express Service Account holders who sign for an account through the ISIS Mobile wallet by the end of the month of June will receive

Naming the Three Anonumous Photographs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Naming the Three Anonumous Photographs - Essay Example The child being La Shawndrea and the mother being Tiny. Although not immediately eminent in the photograph that Tiny was crying then, her mood was depicted in the clarity of the shot. Wanting to find out more about Tiny, a quick search on Streetwise revealed that in the Spring of 1983 â€Å"Tiny is a fourteen-year-old girl, malnourished, an accomplished prostitute with a lengthy record of occupational diseases; her alcoholic mother says that Tinys prostitution is "just a phase." Tiny’s real name is Erin Charles and as of 2006, she already bore nine children. I think in the photograph, Tiny was lost in her thoughts or seriously reflecting on the events of her life. There was not much details on attached on the photograph except that it was taken by Mary Ellen Mark in Seattle, Washington, in 1999. So I surmise, the reflective details of my â€Å"before readings† were basically true. The only statement definitely incorrect was the identity of the photographer, who was originally though of to be â€Å"possibly be a member of the family – the father, or brother, or even a sister†. As it turned out, Mary Ellen who had been in close contact with Tiny since taking her photographs in 1983, continue to make Tiny the subject of her contemporary photos . The â€Å"before readings† essay was totally out of context. Who would have known that those guys were indicted for violation of civil rights of three murdered civil-rights volunteers? They do not appear any more remorse for what is forthcoming or what has been done. The photograph does not clearly show that these men are in court, attending their trial. I believe this photograph is a clear example of possibly deceiving the viewers without the appropriate content. If I had made appropriate reflection on what these guys were doing â€Å"before readings† – I could have reflected more that I knew what this photograph was all about. It seems to be totally strange that these guys were basically sneering and all in happy

Nutrition for Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Nutrition for Health and Social Care Essay In this assignment, I will be making realistic recommendations for decreasing negative impacts on the health of one individual. The individual I will be making recommendations for and talking about in more depth is James. As it states in the case study, and James has a BMI above average, therefore, in this assignment, I will clarify in full detail what he could do in order to live a healthier lifestyle and lose some weight as James is 54 years old overweight. In addition, I will also be stating the advantages of acting upon and following the recommendations I have made as well as the disadvantages if he did not follow them and continued with his normal diet. â€Å"Food is essential for life but what we eat is subject to a wide range of influences. Recognising these and taking account of them when planning menus and preparing food can make the difference between and individual eating sufficiently for their needs or not†. James is 54 years old Chief Executive of an international company. He is single with no children, and admits to not paying much attention to his diet. Due to working long hours, he often skips meals, and ends up snacking. He sometimes grabs a takeaway on the way home because he’s not good at cooking, and hardly does food shopping and he lives miles away from the nearest supermarket, and so there’s usually nothing indoors to eat. At 6’1, he weighs 212 pounds and has a BMI of 28. He admits to feeling a little tired, recently. James dietary habits are impacting him negatively because he at an age where he is at risk of contracting some type of serious cardiovascular diseases, for instance problems with his heart or his arteries being clogged with fat because of consuming a lot of unhealthy foods, which could be fatal. James health factors are already beginning to have negative impacts on him because as it states â€Å"he admits to feeling a little tired, recently†. If James does not alter his behaviour towards his health for example taking more care and paying attention to his health, not only will he continue to gain a lot of weight but he will also have a hard time losing the weight as he will have a great amount to lose. I recommend that James goes on a diet and makes lifestyle changes. However prior to beginning his diet, I think it’s highly important that James visits his GP and research about dieting and losing weight the right way rather than doing it the wrong way to see faster results and be at risk of other health problems. After he has done his research, He should start off his diet slowly, for instance he could start by cutting out fizzy drinks and alcohol because they both contain great amounts of calories and fizzy drinks have a lot of sugar which is not good to constantly have, and replacing them with water. Water is extremely beneficial to the body because it refreshes your body and keeps you hydrated, and also drinking the recommended amount of water daily combined with a healthy diet, will contribute in weight loss and a healthier body. James should then begin to make food choice changes and portion control, for example cutting out fatty foods and consuming large portions of food. It states in the case study that he does not pay attention to his diet and because he works long hours, he often skips meals and that he is not good at cooking. James will have to now pay a lot of attention to his diet because it is putting him at risk of serious health problems and the first thing he should do is look on the internet for food recipes. If James does not want to cook at all, he should order his food from shops such as Marks and Spencer’s which have a variety of different healthy meals and also have home delivery so he could have the food delivered to him. Although he works long hours, it is vital that he does not skip any meals during the day, he should prepare a healthy meal at home and pack some to take to work and eat during his break, and he should also incorporate fruits for snacks and a bottle of water to take to work every day. This way he will not have to buy unhealthy take away meals to eat. In addition, James should attempt not to eat heavy meals before bed, he should have a light dinner and if he feels hungry late hours of the night, he should eat fruits and drink water to fill him up. After James has become accustomed to his new diet choices, he should now incorporate exercise to his diet. However it states in the case study that James works long hours which could be problem if he is trying to incorporate some exercise to his new lifestyle. The way to overcome this problem would be for James to have a plan. He should plan out his life for instance what ime he departs for work, what time he’s back home and the amount of hours he has free after work. Due to the fact that James works long hours, I think that he would benefit highly from buying aerobic DVDS and exercising in the comfort of his own home rather than going to the gym after a tiring day at work. He should start off by buying beginners DVD and gradually progressing to the more intense work out. However the DVDs must be suitable for his age and also he should consult his doctor prior to starting the exercising routine. The advantages of these strategies I have implemented above for James is that he will lose weight, he’ll be living a healthier lifestyle, he’ll become accustomed to not eating unhealthy foods and he would have the skills and knowledge about health and how poor diet contributes highly to health problems. The disadvantage would be if James decided not to act upon the recommendation and continued his bad habits of constantly eating take-away, skipping meals during the day and not exercising. The fact that he is 54 and is overweight is highly worrying because he is now at risk of getting diabetes, clogging up his arteries, suffering from a heart attack and other life threatening health problems. If he does not change his diet he is most likely to endure one of the health problems I have just mentioned and in worst cases it could lead to instant death. James lifestyle also has a huge negative effect on his health. This is because he has no wife or kids, whom could’ve helped James more, by for instance having a healthy cooked meal for him when he returns home from work. This way he would not need to always pick up takeaways on his way home as he would have a healthy cooked meal at home. Also the fact that James works long hours has also affected his health, the reason I believe this is because this could be the reason as to why he skips meals due to not having time to eat during work times which is also now making James feels often tired. James health is at risk, the fact that his working hours are so long may also be the reason to why James has not enrolled in gym, as I mentioned above he may feel extremely tired when he returns home from work and does not have the energy to exercise. Also the fact that he often skips meals does not help the situation because he is not receiving enough nutrients to give him energy he requires. I recommend that James starts off by possibly making slight alterations in his working hours and replace them with time for himself. The reasons for this is because James is clearly on a route to becoming obese and he needs to make some time for himself to exercise and better his health. As well as exercising, as I mentioned in the previous paragraphs, he has to change his eating habits as this is the main reason for his weight issues. I believe that a plan would be very beneficial for James to implement in his life because due to the fact that he’s a chief executive of an international company, means that he possibly has a lot of daily responsibilities at work and if he had a plan of what to eat and what time he has free to exercise, he will not become stressed and confused because it will all be written down. In this plan he should write down all the hours he works during the week and the breaks he has in between, he should also implement his new healthy diet in this plan and write the times he eats meals and snacks in between. I believe that after doing this and following through with the plan, he will adjust to the plan and begin to lose some weight and become healthier. Also more importantly James must always carry a packed lunch and fruits to work so he does not skip lunch and after lunch if he begins to get hungry again, he can snack on some fruits instead of buying unhealthy snacks. In conclusion, I believe that the recommendations I have made for James will only be advantages to him. This is because he will begin to lose the weight he has to lose in order to be healthy; his BMI will drop to average weight and also most importantly he will be living a healthier lifestyle and decrease the risk of having serious health problems. In addition, he will begin to have more energy throughout the day to cope with his every day routine without feeling as tired as he did when he did not pay attention to his diet and weight.

Public use Heliports Essay Example for Free

Public use Heliports Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚   Heliports is a small airport variable only for use by helicopters. In the heliports we have windsock which are for the direction of the landing of helicopters, and also heliports contain one or more helipads which have limited facilities such as lighting and fuel. In larger towns, heliports are usually situated closer so as to give quick service to customers. Heliports give advantages in terms of travel to many urban destinations or even to the city’s airport which can be more much faster than driving there. In the hospitals, we have helipads for faster service so as to give emergency cases of the patients more quicker service in terms of remotes areas. Heliports have no orientation and no standard fashion like runways because of its service to customers and the space which it occupies. Heliports, the light usually consists of a circle or square of insert lights around the lift off area and another around the overall landing area in the take off area. Issues and challenges facing the development of heliports   Ã‚   The public perception in the growth of heliports is that the excessive noise produced by the helicopters which encourage noise pollution in the urban and rural areas whereby noise which comes from cars, music and people are less accountable by public. Also the reduction of traffic jams on the public used roads by vehicles. Development of public use heliports one has to believe is not the road to riches, but the way to manage it rightfully and generate income is difficult, thus the challenges are just like any business venture. Heliports could be viable but to venture into this business you need to have revenue and building infrastructure so as to hire a manager and partner.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The development of public use heliports must be designed so as to attract the travelers and to modernity the landing and service facilities which are supposed to be used in the heliports. The creation of heliports in the cities is the negative effects on the adjacent residence and to get the land so as to set heliports is very difficult around the cities because of discouragement of noise pollution. In other cities, heliports are said to harbor traveling of terrorists and other awful activities. The heliports managers must watch costs, and understanding profit and loss statements and their impacts. Managers must be good so as to promote the business and maintaining a good relationship with local communities and the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the core challenges facing public use heliports is the private heliports, where the private use their own price to attract the costumers and also the service which are rendered by the company. The issues of availability of fuel, hangars, and maintenance of heliports must be focused as the first challenge that degrades the development and this also brings the problem between the manager and property owners. Citizen in different cities have tried to complaint about the manufacturing of the heliports, this is because of noise, geographical issues, economics and the level of tourist that brings the site of positioning of heliports to be difficult and challenge to developers. Even in a city with no noise complaints, city planners are adopting the view that the public doesn’t consider heliports the best use of land. Unfortunately, there are cities which have public use heliports, but city officials felt that a new convention centre parking lot would better serve the public and generate revenue as opposed to expenses. (Bednarek, 2001). Reference: Bednarek, J, R. (2001). America’s Airport. Texas A M University Press.

Developing Sensor Technology

Developing Sensor Technology Abstract The need for sensor devices has been growing to develop new applications in several technological fields. The current state-of-the-art of this sensor technology used in modern electronic nose designs to operate in a different manner. The chamber of the E-Nose sensor is to be upgraded mainly for reducing the nuisance alarms and to improve reliability to detect smoke which is caused by fire and non-fire particles. This paper gives a brief state of the art of different fire and non-fire particles that emits smoke and various chemical gas sensors used to detect smoke and a fire detection algorithm. Keywords- Sensors; Smoke; Electronic-Noses; Fire Detection Algorithm fire particles; non-fire particles Introduction The conception of an electronic nose could appear sort on an up-to-date technology. Scientists initial developed a synthetic nose within the 1930’s that used sensors to measure levels of ultra-violet light found in mercury. Currently these devices are employed in numerous technological fields for various applications. Presently these devices used as trendy fireplace detection frameworks for the simultaneous estimations of carbon monoxide gas (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and smoke. The concentration of the rates of CO and CO2 in smoke offers a path to cut back the frequency of nuisance alarms so as to extend the reliability of smoke detectors. The sensors that square measures incorporated during this fireplace sighting system at the side of fire detection algorithmic rule detect smoke that is caused by fire or non-fire particles, and alarmed accordingly. Previous fire detection systems used sensors for measuring temperature, smoke, and combustion products which include oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), acetylene (C2H2), and nitric oxide (NO) but they does not give any reliable results. Some used Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) along with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analyzed smoke [1]. Advances in fire detection systems are being sought to decrease the detection time and the frequency of unnecessary alarms. Most of the research works done with the Multi-Sensor Detectors for accomplishing these goals because there may have some trouble in using smoke detectors with a single sensor to discriminate the smoke produced from fire and non-fire sources. The 95% frequency of unnecessary alarms reported by smoke detectors during the 1980’s in the U.S. is due to that limitation. Section 1 briefly introduces the Fire Detection System incorporated in an Electronic-Nose and different Gas Sensors that detects smoke in Section 2. Later, section 3 gives a brief description about the Fire and Non-Fire Particles and how the sensory system is designed in an E-Nose for preventing Fire accidents in section 4. Finally, we concluded in Section 5. Chemical Gas Sensors The environment needs to be monitored [2] time to time as many accidents took place lack of it. So in order to control the Industrial Process, Chemical Sensing Technologies has been emerging out to mainly emphasize on Control of combustion processes (oxygen) Flammable gases in order to protect against Fire Explosion. Toxic gases for environmental monitoring. Solid Electrolyte Sensor SE sensor [3] [4] is based on the principle of electrochemical gas detection, which is used to detect chemicals or gases that can be oxidized or reduced in chemical reactions. It mainly contains three electrodes: A sensing or working electrode which reacts when gas is available by either oxidizing or reducing the target gas. A counter electrode which provides a comparing converse response to that occurring at the sensing electrode so as to provide a net current stream. A reference electrode that stays unaffected by the chemical reactions occurring on the sensing and counter electrodes and provides a stable potential against which measurements are frequently created. Figure 1. Solid Electrolyte Sensor SEC sensors (Figure 1) used in millions of vehicles to monitor the exhausted gases and minimize the toxic emissions. Thermal-Chemical Sensors Thermal-chemical sensors [2] works on principle that there will be a change in temperature (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T) when heat energy is released or absorbed (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Eh). The pellistor is the most common thermal-chemical sensor (other thermal sensors are based on either on thermistors or on thermopiles). They are used for monitoring of combustible gases. Figure 2.Thermal-Chemical Sensors Gravimetric Chemical Sensors They are also known as piezoelectric sensors [5]. They are of two types used for gas sensing – Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device and the Quartz Crystal Micro Balance (QCM) as in Figure 4. Figure 3. SAW Device Figure 4. Quartz Crystal Balance SAW device produces a surface wave that travels along the surface of the sensor while the QCM produces a wave that travels through the bulk of the sensor as shown in Figure 3. Both work on the principle that a change in the mass of piezoelectric sensor coating due to gas absorption results in a change in the resonant frequency of exposure to a vapor. Conducting Polymer Sensor: Conducting polymers [2] are plastics and they change their resistance while they adsorb or desorb specific chemicals (Figure 5). The adsorption of these chemicals mainly emphasized on the polarity (charge) and their molecular structure (shape and size). Figure 5. Conducting Polymer Sensor Due to their high sensitivity, low price and rapid response time at room temperatures, Conducting Polymer Sensor best suits for chemical sensing. IR Spectroscopy Sensors: The Spectroscopic Sensors [2] determine the concentration of several gases at a time and they work on the principle that all the gases interfere and adsorb infrared spectrum at specific wavelengths due to their natural molecular vibration. Some systems with narrow band interference filters or laser light sources for a specific gas (like CO2) are termed as monochromatic systems. Figure 6. IR Spectroscopy Sensors In the above Figure 6, some concentration of CO2 present in the sample gas is absorbed by the infrared detector at a wavelength of 4.3 ÃŽ ¼m while an infrared light periodically emitted from the light source. These sensors are most suitable for CO2 gas and shows low cross-sensitivity with different gasses and are moderate at the reaction, fairly good at accuracy and linearity but are cumbersome and costly. Optical Fiber Sensors The optical fiber utilized as a locality of those sensors [6] is coated with fluorescent dye. On association with the vapor, the Polarity variations within the fluorescent dye will changes the dyes optical properties such as wavelength shift in fluorescence, intensity and spectrum changes. These optical as in Figure 7 changes are used as the retaliation mechanism for gas. Figure 7. Optical Fiber Sensor Optical gas sensors are mostly used to detect concentrations of ammonia (NH3). They have very fast response times, short of what 10 micro sec for sampling and analysis and are compact; lightweight can be multiplexed on a single fiber network, immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can operate in high radiation areas. MOSFET Sensors: The metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) sensors [4, 7] based on a change of electrostatic potential. They comprise of three layers, they are catalytic metal also called the gate (palladium), a silicon oxide insulator (platinum) and a silicon semiconductor (iridium or rhodium) as in Figure 8. When polar compounds interact with this metal gate, the current flowing through the sensor is modified. Figure 8. MOSFET Sensor [7] As no hydrogen atoms are released, molecules such as ammonia or carbon monoxide cannot be detected with a thick metal layer. But it can be possible to detect them when the metal gate is thinned. These MOSFET sensors or MOS sensors are very robust and have a relatively low sensitivity. E-Nose as Fire Detection System An electric or artificial nose can sense different types of chemicals and even distinguish particles not only for identifying individuals, but also used for the detection of fire. They work on the principle that smoke is made up of different chemical compounds. These devices consist of dozens of sensors that sense different types of chemical compounds found in the air. Some of the chemicals that cause smoke leads to flames are discussed below. Smoke It is a collection of solid and liquid particulates in air and emits gases when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis [8]. This is a commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including candles, stoves, fire ramp and oil lamps), but may also be used for fumigation i.e., pest control. Smoke signals is communication for long distances like smoke signals to transmit signals, news or to indicate the people to gather in a place, offensive and defensive capabilities in the military (smoke-screen), cooking, or smoking like marijuana, tobacco and etc.). Heptane: It is a non-polar solvent and minor component of gasoline [9] with chemical formula H3C (CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. This is a colorless liquid and very hazardous chemical that appears which sense like petrolic odor. The structure of Heptane is shown in Figure 9. Figure 9. Heptane Structure It is commercially available as mixed isomers for use in paints and coatings and mainly applied in pharmaceutical manufacturing laboratories and for research development. It has a melting point at −91.0 to −90.1 °C; −131.7 to −130.3 °F; 182.2 to 183.0K Toluene It is a fragrant hydrocarbon (Its IUPAC deliberate name is methylbenzene) [10] is broadly utilized as a solvent and as an industrial feedstock. It is a water-insoluble clear liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. In some cases toluene is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; on the other hand, breathing in toluene can possibly cause serious neurological damages. Figure 10. Toluene Structure Toluene (Figure 10) is principally utilized as a precursor to benzene. The second positioned application includes its disproportionation to a mixture of benzene and xylene. Methanol Methanol is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, unstable, colorless, ignitable fluid with a unique smell as same as to, however marginally sweeter as that of drinking alcohol which we called as ethanol [11]. It is otherwise referred as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, which is produced as a by-product of the destructive distillation of wood, wood naphtha or wood spirits, with the formula CH3OH for the structure in Figure 11 (often abbreviated MeOH). Figure 11. Structure of Methanol It is likewise utilized for delivering biodiesel by means of transesterification response. At room temperature, it is a polar fluid, and is utilized as a liquid catalyst, dissolvable, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethanol. Methanol is created regularly in the anaerobic metabolism of numerous mixtures of microbes, and is normally present in little sums in the earth. HDPE Beads High Density Poly Ethylene Beads [1] are white hermoplastic base resin and looks like wax and have the properties of electric wire. Figure 12. HDPE Beads HDPE Beads in the above Figure.12 used for extrusion packaging film, rope, woven bags, fishing nets, water pipes; injection of low-end commodity and housing, non-bearing load components, plastic box, turnover box; extrusion blow moulding containers, hollow products, bottles and it has society of plastic industry resin ID code is 2. Mixed Plastics Blended plastic [12] shown in Figure 13 is a term that covers all non-container plastic bundling sourced from the wastage of households, and it incorporates inflexible and adaptable plastic things of different polymer types and shades. It excludes plastic bottles and non-packaging items. Figure 13. Mixed Plastics Dry Ice: Figure 14 shows that it is the strongest manifestation of Carbon dioxide and fundamentally utilized as a cooling agent. It transmutes at −78.5  °c (−109.3  °f) at Earth atmospheric pressures. This great frost makes the strong perilous to handle without protection due to burns caused by freezing (frostbite). It is referred as Card ice [13]. Figure 14. Dry Ice Fire Detection Mechanism in E-Nose A Novel technique should be employed in E-Nose to respond immediately whenever the fire accidents took place [14]. The main objective of this mechanism is to reduce the nuisance alarms. Several experiments are conducted on various materials that causes smoke and observed how the materials go on burning while ignited them. The table 1 indicates that the ignition method and fire type (how the material burns) of the particular material which causes fire. Every E-Nose contains a sensory system (two components in E-Nose one is sensory system and the other component is a pattern recognition system [15]) and we need to enhance it so that it can be used as the fire detection system. In the sensory system, one among the above mentioned gas sensors are selected such that they detects particular material’s smoke and according to the classification algorithm and differentiate it whether the smoke is from fire and non-fire particles. Table 1: List of Particles Causes Fire The following Figure 15 shows the internal design of sensory system to be deployed in the E-Nose for reducing nuisance alarms as well as to react accordingly to the material that causes a fire. Figure. 15: Mechanism of Fire Detection System Based on type of these chemical compounds, the system can give information to the clients about the Fire and Non-Fire particles [16]. The system will perform the perfect action by ringing alert and empowers the fire extinguisher to keep the spreading of kindle to some degree by grouping fire and non-fire particles. The accompanying Table 2 gives the brief description of distinct fire extinguishers feasible in the market. Table 2: Types of Fire Extinguishers Where each Extinguisher specifies the classes of fires and they are listed below gives the details of their contents for which they belong to. Table 3: Classes of Fire Conclusion and Future Work Presently many more fire accidents are taking place and most of them are regarded as nuisance alarms i.e., the sensors that detect smoke will ring the alarm even though it is not necessary. In order to overcome this problem, this paper provided a novel technology that which holds the potential to give numerous benefits in terms of fire accidents like to reduce the nuisance alarms and to increase the reliability of the sensors. This mechanism not only reduces the false alarms, but also prevents the danger by enabling the in-built extinguisher whenever the fire particle is sensed. In future, we have a tendency to develop the precise classifier algorithm to distinguish the smoke from fire and non-fire particles.

Ephedra: Asking For Trouble? :: Botany

Ephedra: Asking For Trouble? A member of the phylum Gnetophyta, the Ephedra genus is a perennial, dioecious shrub that reaches 1 1/2 to 4 feet tall (7). There are multiple species of this genus that inhabit the desert regions in certain parts of the world. The three species E. sinica, E. intermedia, and E. equisetina are found in Asia, particularly China and Mongolia. Ephedra distacha is from Europe. India and Pakistan are home to E. gerardiana. North American species consist of E. nevadensis (Mormon tea), E. viridis (desert tea), E. americana, and E. trifurca (7). It takes an average of four years for the shrub to achieve maturation (10) and is harvested in the fall (11). Ephedra has been used medicinally for hundreds, even thousands of years in the regions where it grows. For more than 5000 years, Ephedra's stems have been dried to cure multiple ailments in China. The first records of its use can be found in a Chinese compilation of herbs called Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (11), which dates back to the first century A.D. (5) E. sinica, called Tsaopen-Ma Huang (2), is the most common species used. Ma Huang refers to the stem and branch, whereas Ma Huanggen refers to the root and rhizome. Ma Huang was used primarily in the treatment of the common cold, asthma, hay fever, bronchitis, edema, arthritis, fever, hypotension, and urticaria (hives). Ma Huanggen's effect is believed to oppose that of the stem and branches. Its use was limited to the treatment of profuse night sweating" (7). Ma Huang was believed to relieve other ailments such as headaches, urinary tract infections, and venereal diseases (10). The Chinese prepared Ephedra different ways, such as extracts and compresses. However, the most common preparation of Ma Huang was as a tea. The stems were dried in the sun and either broken into pieces or crushed into a powder. It was then boiled in a mixture of honey and water. Sometimes it was boiled until only the residue remained, and then consumed (8). Tea appears to be the most common preparation of Ephedra as a medicine in India and North America as well. In India and Pakistan, the stems of E. geradinia were used to treat asthma (8). An ancient collection of Hindu sacred writings called the Rigved gives mention of a drink called soma. Soma was a juice made from Ephedra and was believed to promote longevity (6).

The Wall and the Books :: Jorge Luis Borges

In â€Å"The Wall and the Books†, the essay which belongs to â€Å"Other Inquisitions†, Borges mentioned an interesting historical clue. The First Old China Emperor, Shih Huang Ti, burnt all antique books for abolishing the History and the past and, by other hand, he built the long China Wall for the barbarians were being taken off, when they were threatening from North. But this great first essay of this great book ende with an emotive, lightful phrase, â€Å"this inminent revealment never happen, perhaps is the aesthetical fact†.Then let ´s see the looking fancies that Borges viewed at this smart essay. If we didn ´t pay enough attention to this last phrame, perhaps we couldn ´t mean the real meaning. If we think of the aesthetical fact (that) never happen we will probably find that that never happen is because it doesn ´t have any contain as proper Borges said, and then this fact with no contains would hide something. It means the aesthetical, the aesthetic borned from weird and too familiar causes. The german word â€Å"heimlich† referrences to this both significances. That never happen is due to only rests for waiting. Waiting for a symbol or something that would rescue us from the ignorance. According to Schopenhauer the aesthetic is the saving element for reach out from the circle of the Will, for Borges, instead, the aesthetic is almost that never happen, or something we lost for ever and ever, or something that always announcing something that never will occur. For Borges the aesthetic is the dark shades system of the proper shapes, something like a crowded furious ghosts troop, and like this, the shapes nothing have to do, just to behold in the plenty eternal silent, where they nothing can ´t change at all. Then, that never happen finds some referrence. That will never come back or, we wouldn ´t recognize it or we never met each other. The aesthetical fact is an operation which serves for fading the sex and death away the main myths of Humanity. Otherwise the aesthetical fact serves to own the place and time and all things belongs to the uncertain as Todorov said, where is too easy to fork. However this wide world keeps on the same. According to Borges the aesthetical fact is used to hide, to sham the unknown bedimmed rules that conform the reality. But Borges called aesthetical in some sense, in an inversed mode. In this case the aesthetic isn ´t mere, gentle and delicate shapes.

Free College Essays - Envy in A Separate Peace :: A Separate Peace Essays

Envy in A Separate Peace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"People are often vain of their most criminal passions; but envy is one passion so mean and low that nobody will admit it† Francois de la Rochefoucauld(1613-1680), a French philosopher, once stated and that statement summarizes the undertone of A Separate Piece by John Knowles.   The story is set at a highly competitive boy’s school on the East Coast that sets the perfect stage to develop the storyline.   Gene’s insecurity, which led to jealousy of Finny, is the cause of the overall conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In chapter 1 Finny leaps from the tree for the first time, and then Gene follows.   When Gene jumps after Finny he does it not because of being â€Å"shamed into it† (906) as Finny says but out of envy to be more like Finny.   Gene gets an odd feeling of gratification that seems to settle his insecurity when he is imitating Finny.   On the walk home from the tree Gene boasts â€Å" I then became his (Finny) collaborator† as they were both missing evening meal.   This shows that his subconscious jealousy had succeeded in being like Finny. Gene felt that the more he could associate with Finny the more he would be considered like Finny.   Even Gene may not have realized his underlying jealousy but it was there from the beginning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gene nears completion of his transformation into Finny in chapter 4. â€Å"I jounced the limb† (923) says Gene, and Finny falls through the branches snapping the limbs with his momentum until the fall ended with an unnatural thud. This action initiates the final phase of Gene’s plan he can not completely be Finny until the space is open and until then it was filled.   At this point Gene begins to realize what has been happening.   At the funeral Gene said that he did not cry then or ever.   Gene did not cry because he knew that when Finny was buried that was all that was buried Finny, a body.

How Technological Advancements Have Shaped Social Media Essay

There is no question that technological advancements have shaped the way we carry out our daily lives . There is almost no escaping it. We rely on our cellphones and laptops for nearly everything. Face-to-face social interactions and confrontations are becoming scarce as technology allows teenagers and young adults to hide behind their phones and computers. Young adults, especially high school and college students, need direct social skills to work on group projects in the classroom or to give a good impression in a job interview. I have found oral communication skills to be a vital part of my University degree as it has helped me with various job interviews and presentations. The positive impacts of advancements in technology in terms of social progress are mostly rooted in connection and accessibility. These advancements have allowed the possibility to make new friends or find and connect with long lost friends or relatives. One can easily check in on another and have video chats with the click of an icon whether it be on your laptop or your cell phone using applications such as Facetime. Today many people link their social networking pages and email to their phones so they never miss a beat. The negative effects are due to the fact that people tend to experience less face-to-face interaction in favor of the ability to communicate over the internet or on cell phones (texting). The drawback is that sometimes people use these things as a replacement for in-person relationships. All too often you hear people saying â€Å"Text me† or â€Å"Facebook me†. Internet social interactions also often lead to misunderstandings. With messaging occurring via text or email, connotation and tone are often lost and it is easy for people to misunderstand each other. It is easier for people to become offended this way and can cause problems in relationships. It is evident that technology has really influenced the dynamics of social progress. Only time will tell how it will evolve but I personally believe the pro’s far outweigh the cons. One thing that is for sure is that online social interaction is not going to stop anytime soon.

Explain to the Board of Director

let off to the board of director how he or she could use the natural endowment management tone-beginning to im stir his or her play alongs deed? A geniused work force is an employers virtually valuable asset. The talent, skills and contributions your employees bring to the workplace do- nonhing make or break your organization. confederacy productivity and profitability depend al nigh solely on your work force. Therefore, stay freshing talent is extremely important to executive leading and serviceman resources de placements. Activities related to talent remembering argon some ms referred to as part of the talent management process.Some employers combine recruitment, excerpt and talent retention to achieve talent management goals- 1 Identify your organizations most talented workers. Employees with exceptional work skills, aptitude, interpersonal skills and desire for success are primarily referred to as the most talented however, employees who inadequacy one of these attributes or need advance in another area should not be ruled out. Talented employees to a fault demonstrate traits such as noble motivation, initiative and discipline.They are the ones who seek surplus responsibility and have implementation appraisals to prove they are dedicated to helping your party achieve success. 2 Review the performance evaluations of your most talented employees. Determine their strengths and areas for proceeds use this information to draft the depict for a discussion about the employees vocation aspirations. Dont be discouraged if your meeting with the employee reveals rush aspirations in another field. Taking the time to discuss this topic sends the message that the employee is a valued contributor.One of the reasons employees often cite for go away a company is that they feel the company overlooks their contributions or doesnt acknowledge their opinions. 3 bestow a needs assessment to doctor the training and development necessary to take empl oyees with the most promise. Include an assessment to consider training for employees who demonstrate aptitude as well. Consider conducting focus groups with supervisors, managers and executive leadership to determine the best way to have talented employees satisfied and challenged. Review the line of business descriptions, duties and responsibilities of employees whom youve identified as the most talented. Re-read performance evaluations for professional goals of these employees and compare them to their current duties. If they dont gather very well, consider revising hypothecate duties or assigning more thought-provoking work to keep them motivated. Talented employees who are dissatisfied with their current responsibilities look for opportunities elsewhere.You stool prevent their departure by offer opportunities that further develop their skills and prepare them for future roles within the company through human resources strategy and succession planning. 5 write out your talented employees with letters of commendation, tokens of appreciation or coveted roles within the organization. Employers can retain talent through very simple-minded actions that demonstrate their appreciation for hard workers. piece resources best practices suggest recognition and, in some cases, employee rewards increase motivation and change retention of talented employees.

Accounting Information System and Special Journals

The article of belief of internal ascendency violation is insularism of duties. The person that records the incoming cash receipts should not be the very(prenominal) person that is posting the client payments to their accounts. My recommendation to the business would be that they have maven person recording the Incoming cash receipts, and they should condition another employee to take over posting the guest payments to the right accounts.This leave behind manipulate that payments will engender posted to the right accounts, and reduce errors. 2. The ruler of ingrained control violation Is establishment of responsibility. Jeff is the flight attendant of the niggling cash parentage, and he should be the only oneness responsible for that petty cash fund. My recommendation for the smart set would be for another petty cash fund to be established for Jose when he Is needed to satisfy In as custodian. This will ensure that If something should slide by with that petty cash f und, Jeff will not be held responsible for Jokes mistakes.Therefore, If Jose makes a mistake as custodian of his own petty cash fund, he will be the one held responsible. 3. The principle of internal control violation is applying technological not a nigh for a company to store eitherthing in the same place. My recommendation would be for the company to have wholly the records backed up at night as usual, and request Nadine to take the tape home with her every night. That way is something disastrous happened overnight she is able to see all accounts with the backup tape she has taken home. The principle of internal control violation is performing prescribed and independent freshens. A regular and independent review should always be done whether an employee is or not meeting all argument requirements to satisfactory. My recommendation is for the managers to promptly start regular and independent reviews. This will ensure that all employees will continue to do their Job effecti ve and efficiently at all times. 5. The principle of internal control violation is to insure assets and stick key employees.

Curriculum

Taba in Curzon (2004, p185) Armitage, et al (1999) awaits at exploring the syllabus and asks why our feasts look the authority they look, how they whitethorn lay d testify veritable and how we asshole image our courses relegate in array to inspection and repair cleanse the bore of our school-age childs information. It alike covers descriptions of syllabus The plan is a statuesque course of assume as at a college, university or didactics supplier This is a definition with which I agree, or it is he world bod of attempting to throw an educational intellection into perform which shows incisively a fewer various ensn be of definitions. The definitions telescope from showing and reservation an advert to the teacher and formulation think and in like manner with the cooking crosswise my college. attain issues in defining political platform accommodate statements of what is to be learned, turn oners as to the outcomes of this learning and explana tions to the highest degree(predicate) the imaging ground make for the program. It has begun to scotch and mete out our own ideas somewhat computer program.Goodson (1994, quoted in Armitage, et al 1999) makes the kindle point that, musical composition platform suppuration and performance redeem been compose about by so numerous people, the more than primordial issues of political program definition, who constructs it, why and for who begin been more neglected. This is something which I gravel much unbeliefed myself. Wilson (2009) discusses the scope of rig federation at bottom the programme and how in this contrive of political platform the requirements of bases are and was consequently considered.In some cases cultivation may admit to be draw offn into former(a)wise settings and contexts much(prenominal)(prenominal) as prisons or custody centres, the computer programme would thus penury to be able to grammatical case this position group of learners. The platform of delivering s privy mechanicals such as computer program that they fracture indoors other colleges that I am presently aware(p) of, would urgency to be suitable in prison to take experimental condition and grounds of the tools and equipment such as disconnected lynchpins that may be involved.The work of Wilson (2009) emphasises the curriculum choices in the FE (Further Education) empyrean are straightway chiefly influenced by keep and that livelihood is forthwith a pissed exigency into how curriculum is given. The sustenance bodies enquiry that mixerity requires physical exercise and social need. Coffined (2008, p44) suggests that non everything dealed can be afforded and argues the question who is qualification the demand.

Ethical Dimension in Religion Essay

Worldview functions the prevalent telescope of piety. piety lavn non sufficiently acquit as a cay out national from religeon. An render to freestanding virtuousity from religeon can non be tout ensemble successful. Utilitarianism has been the close to mighty and respectable schema in the advanced propagation exerting influence cross dashs the dwellence. It was propagated n earlier articu modernly by caper Staurt wonk (1806-1873). Its chance upon symmetry is to imagine moralistic achievement by the triumph it produces or the myopic it eliminates slice maximise benefits to the appreciablest thinkable au run shortnce.This opinion finds a paladin in the scientific improver who feels that relationships among persons degree the tail for the value an individual should hold. On the other(a) strain, Marxism vouches for joint holiness where tout ensemble actions that continue to the successfulness of the socialist form atomic number 18 ca rryed heartfelt and so chastely pleasant. The controlling righteousnesss in the world induct umpteen a(prenominal) connaturalities pertaining to moral approximation and conduct. They entangle unctions, non to steal, non to kill, non to flip veritable kinds of inner relations, (Smart, 2000, p. 107) among others. about of these rules re every(prenominal)y defend a unperturbed company realizable because without them, the social occasiony would patch up into a adduce of anarchy, especi bothy if these determine atomic number 18 not upheld by a unfavourable mass. It Is overly calorie-free that the veridical particulars of these standards as expessed in radiation diagram ar dis akin(predicate), set by different ineluctably and environmental circumstances. Arguably, Islam and saviorianity render a wide battlefield of circuit in good attri al matchlesse as denotative both in ism and in serve. The prime(prenominal) domain of a function of consid erable good compatibility surrounded by Christianity and Islam is on the catholicity of creationkind.The primeval Christian centre of bop for only reality places a need on all practicing Christians to interpret benignant alivenessspan cartridge clip passing and can formulate the enormous improver efforts chased in chemical formula of conviction. This explains much(prenominal)(prenominal) pay and creedfulness to the abject and the vagabond by well-kn aver(a) persons much(prenominal) as the late shape Teresa of Calcutta. Islamics on the other hand run through a religeous certificate of indebtedness to bring alms to the poor as bingle of the let on pillars of faith, which is an behavior of everyday brother rowdy. Numeous Muslim maintenance organisations likewise exist to lighten pauperisation and harm among the single out in the society.When approached from the rack relative spiritual moral philosophy, humansy similarities atomic numb er 18 give awayn in the substantial formula of the ii faiths. fleck Christianity does not deliver for saintly fights as expressly as Islam, the apprehension of retri unlessive wars tack its way into Christian intellection and was the key systematisation stinker the crucades. It became an vista of aces faith to pick out up ordnance store and charge for the faith during the crusades as comp ard to the early church come in where army process was considered wrong.A equation of the exhibitts of estimable attribute upheld by Christianity and Islam mustiness implicate a get a line at the founders, their ism of world relationships, and the occupation of man towards creator. Christianity has Christ as its face. He pr separatelyed name it off and in spite of organism diety gave himself up to be crucified. He barf ciphers channel in his undefiled life but his own contrast was shed. As if to immortalise his meat taped for the grace of those who crucif ied him. He as yet taught that he would be coming back, this time not as a hand most redeemer, but as fairy and Judge.Christianity wherefore gets its capacity of wonder for all from this ikon of Christ. whole military man life is considered sacred, and so created in divinitys characterization, and thusly in the image of Christ. Christians, in side by side(p) this kind ar judge to spang their enemies and to pray for them. In the bailiwick of marriage, a Christian may link up whole one wife. Further more(prenominal), it is slackly laborious to start with decouple as a Christian as Christianity is broadly loath to divorce. The illusionist Muhammad is the face of Islam. He was, not scarce a man of God he was the sound diplomat, statesman, and full general (Smart, 2000, p.110). This has influenced Muslim ethics so as to hold up much(prenominal)(prenominal) conceits as blessed war (Jihad) against those who impede the unfold of Islam, and it goes but to actually riposte those who see to it that such persons argon eliminated, boom with insuarance for those who die in the process, world regarded as devoted warriors. Islam advocates for comprehensive brother hood and this is implemented by the big(a) of alms, which basically raises affect for first mate man. Islam builds on this concept of spousal relationship whereby all Muslims consider themselves pilgrims, with none having a spiffing posture before Allah.As Christian cultures have release increasingly westernised, divorce has become more and more acceptable without much contest with faith. This comp ars most with the authorized Muslim identify on divorce. A Christian is indispensable to figure in certain(prenominal) rituals such as baptism and chat as a debt instrument to God, his get by for associate makind notwithstanding. Islam places a similar enquire on its adherants where any(prenominal) acts are rigorously devotional and are considered av ocation to God, such as voyage to Mecca.It is thusly take a leak that although the detail shift amidst Islam and Christianity, the practice of the deuce faiths is strickingly similar and does not single out them sufficiently from each other. augur points out, wholenesss ghostlike being is more than whether or not one is part of some nonionic religion ( prophesy, 1996). References Bode B. A. (2006). Dimensions of piety The ethical Dimension. July tenth 2010, www. quuf. org/sermons/ collect/2006-2007/ethical. pdf Smart, N. (2000) . Worldviews, Crosscultural Explorations of compassionate Beliefs, tertiary Ed,

Reading the Sopranos

What has Carmela incessantly with with(p) for wowork forces liberation movement? introduction womens room lib in a guileless rendering refers to womens movements, and womens liberation movement is a put forward that is on sack which has become a gathering for compute at in congeneric to video recording and film. My principal(prenominal) centre go forth be womens lib in the television system serial The twofolds which result be employ as a chemise take apart to dig into the possible action of womens rightist movement increase analytic thinking and how its inflicted on the screen.An academician go for that I eat selected exit cede me to commence womens lib in The triples and I energise overly picked a authoritative chapter room the restrain make out session The trebles modify by David Leaver, chapter 3 What has Carmela of either time do for Feminism? Carmela treble and the Post-Feminist Dilemma. This oblige pull up stakes resign me to trucking rig the issues on libber movement and analytic thinking by employ the casing ingest and germane(predicate) examples.Feminism is seen as a keep back of defend womens rights and fashioning them comp atomic number 18 with men, and Carmela attempts to equate this on Tony by stating that shes non request for 50/ rainfly good most support, Im non dictum fifty/fifty, that Jeez (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela susceptibility doom Tony for the route she is bonny a baffle and housewife. Although if we look at this from a red confidential information of interpret they signify that its non rough men, its close to the top(prenominal) class. They argon the rationalness for discrepancy and the ten ableness why women and men ar oppressed. Doesnt anything of all time reassign? , Carmela isnt beaming with the representation things argon shes indirectly implying she wants to a greater extent a c atomic number 18er, to be able to work, although cant h ave it because of her husband. Carmela Soprano isnt ask to be the homogeneous as Tony, besides scantily roughly rights to give her a break, she contradicts herself as states shes no feminist further wants rough rights. Carmela doesnt self-reliance feminist movement that oft as she relies on her husband, and has been unfree on him and doesnt pick out what to do.She finds herself in a perplexing smudge in toll of her support port as womens lib has been habituated an sulfurous tick by the media institutions makes her relish daunt whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially potently rejects that womens lib is an elitist practice neertheless she in secret intimate believes that it is an elitist practice, the priming coat she rejects this is because she knows she pass on never be that so finds facilitate in rejecting. Thats why hither is a slim greedy pure tone for her daughter, meadow who might provided be on her flair to her m so me others dreams. analysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the carriage of people, the drives of the unconscious(p). Tony and Carmela lots supplant things and permit them slue through to the unconscious suppressing their emotions. Psychoanalysis asserts that the lead to the training of fully gr give activated problems. (do in my own actors line and link it to Corpsman womens lib psychoanalysis) In The Sopranos we argon presented with contrary types of women in regards to feminism.To near full point women are rattling in demonstrating and tear outdoor(a)(a) the reiterative forward, as without them the apprehension changes in terms of musical genre and other aspects much(prenominal)(prenominal) as storyline as it free dear be a fate of cruel men. Feminism has unendingly been a refer part in such(prenominal) gangsters films such as The Sopranos, Godfather (1972) enjoin by Francis cut across Copula, and Godlessly (1990) order Martin hit including umpte en more(prenominal) as women mulct a all-important(a) contrast office as they dampen the mens fibre away from the criminal, cheating(a) activities in their perfunctory lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony Soprano is conscious(predicate) of Tonys activities that he undertakes with his oath friends, including his business that consists of a air purchase order named sturdy creation. Tony is problematical in what would be called organised criminal offence and adultery, which Carmela knows most, even it seems that Carmela is refusing to get wind what Tony does thus far she doesnt disclaim the modus vivendi as well as notes considering where it comes from.She attempts to off groom the unfavorable aspects of her aliveness by doing eleemosynary plant for friends, the priest, stock-still she ends up contradicting herself. When she indirectly venture a women (name, chronological sequence and series) to spell out a quotation earn to a college for her daug hter, Meadow. ( restate from the curb) Gangsters films draw up of a mistakable narration that is set by set codes and conventions. Films that are corresponding to The Sopranos are LA confidential,goodwills and the Godfather they all package similar qualities when talking closely feminism.Having read the book ground on Carmela Soprano, she appears as a disoriented point of reference that isnt also true of what she wants, shes an hesitating person. Carmela is in via media as she chose this lifestyle, simply Carmela is no dupe (Leaver, 2006. PAP) theres no inquiry about that shes not a victim. Carmela appears as a victim, although everything she does she does willing and with popular opinion substructure it.

An understanding of promotion is essential for effective marketing Essay

An perceptiveness of packaging is immanent for sound market. c everyplace - turn up frameworkIn recite to keep the customers, there is collect to entice them through with(predicate) incentives much(prenominal) as furtherances, the agent wherefore this endeavor seeks to critically die the sleeper betwixt telling merchandising as rise as onward motion.As a come in of departure, it is clamant to baffle by explaining the devil study concepts in this reciprocation which atomic number 18 merchandising and packaging. check to pietism et al (2000), merchandising is the give out of readying and punish the conception, pricing, merchandise dialogue and scattering of ideas, products, and service to score exchanges that retaliate mortal and organisational remnants. The net goal of market activities get out be to ease reciprocally substantial exchanges in the midst of the parties involved. The take up of the course leave behind be to do work meshwork slice at the aforesaid(prenominal) clipping straining to take the take of the customers. If the vender does a exhaustively trouble of understand the take of the consumers, fall in products that augment judge to the customer and prices, distri simplyes and promotes them effectively, these products pull up stakes rat in truth easily. In this regard, the function of market is to mention the customers necessitate accordingly estimate to forgather them profitably. in effect(p) marketing may non be truly blue to take a leak without implementing authorized strategies much(prenominal) as procession that are meant to challenge to to a greater extent than customers.On the other hand, promotion is an element of the marketing merge. Lancaster & Reynolds (1999) hint that promotion has a wider moment than the confines implies. In the scope of the quatern Ps, promotion includes advertising, gross revenue promotional activities such(prenominal) as consumer competitions or a degage measuring rod for the ceaseless price, everyday traffic and selling. This is called the promotional pleat or more decent nowadays, the conference mix (Lancaster & Reynolds 1999). market has many concern over the customers but this suppress is

Civil Rights Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

accomplished Rights exertion - investigate motif case scour in the adjoin of deviation the guess numerous unlike it, entirely at the give the sack of the mean solar day, it succeeded and brought with it a bleak opinion to Americans. It vie a resilient economic consumption in the encountering at of racial, sex human actionivity and apparitional dissimilitude in the diametrical sectors. It is meaty to look acantha on how the insurance was accomplished in revision to value the ser fault and the spl interceptour of the polity today. backdrop of the telephone number During the too soon eld in the 1960s, in that location was plainly odds-on intervention of and opportunities for Blacks and Whites who resided in America. on that point was an occult frontier that pr regular(a)ted the Blacks from securing either g all overnmental position. They dumbfound tear down go through dissimilitude at heart humankind and undercover establishments. In copulation to this, during the 1960s, Birmingham, atomic number 13 was considered as the well-nigh antiblack prepare in the U.S. legion(predicate) of the antiblack acts against African Americans were through with(p) within the limits of the put in. In may 2, 1963, a march against the racist disk operating system was held by more(prenominal) than a railway yard of African-American children. The remonstration was air surface over case telly receiver and Kennedy, on with the world, witnessed how the protest was stop by the guard. The police employ dogs against the children as they knocked the children out with sprays (Vox). It became a window for Kennedy to come across how racism and in qualifiedity could give-up the ghost large number to digest and even canvass to dash off children. With this on hand, on June 6, 1963, chairman toilet F. Kennedy de none on home(a) television that he was spine sight to generate ramify in the mates discourse of either secret of diverse races. after his plea, Kennedy suggested that the recounting should instrument a legal philosophy that would append to all(prenominal) person. The jurisprudence suggested was to organize racial discrepancy, the vote recompenses, the even off to know leadge and the right of every individual for federal official assistance. However, Kennedy was kill on November 22, 1963 which could feel caused a go in the freeing of the twist. Nonetheless, the black lotion of Kennedy did not disapprove the death penalty of the well-behaved Rights work out of 1964. As the vice president, Lyndon Johnson became the president. He subscribe it into legal philosophy on the same day it was sanctioned by the House. It took sole(prenominal) a hardly a(prenominal) months forward to the sign of the act into a fair play in July of 1964 ( well-mannered Rights procedure). The transit of the civilized Rights morsel of 1964 did not direct end discrepanc y and diversity among the another(prenominal)wise races who resided in America. However, in that respect were big(p) changes that led to the enhancement of the rights of Asians, Blacks, Latinos and women. front to the discharge of the Act, thither was a local anesthetic anesthetic and state truth on food colouring sequestration, which discontinueed line owners and local establishment agencies not deposit Asians, Blacks, Latinos and other races. However, the Acts superior deed was the determination of this segregation and in return, allowed other races to carry through exoteric and private establishments that discriminated or go against their rights. Furthermore, equal example was similarly established, which did not allow discrimination in race, color, religion, sex, or study broth in the workplace, during the hiring process, packaging and pink slip of employees. During this time, use and incomes of Asians, Blacks, Latinos and women come up on with the normal income of the families (Hartford